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L10N
See localization.

L2TP
See Layer Two Tunneling Protocol.

L2TP access concentrator (LAC)
A device that is either attached to the switched network or concurrently located within a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) end system that is capable of handling the Layer Two Tunnel Protocol (L2TP). LAC needs to implement only the media over which L2TP operates in order to pass traffic to one or more L2TP network servers. It may tunnel any protocol that is carried within PPP. LAC is the initiator of incoming calls and the receiver of outgoing calls.

L2TP network server (LNS)
A server that handles the server side of the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). Because L2TP relies only on the single media over which L2TP tunnels arrive, the L2TP network server (LNS) may have only a single local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) interface. However, LNS must still be able to end calls that arrive at any L2TP access concentrator (LAC). LNS is the initiator of outgoing calls and the receiver of incoming calls.

label
(1) In REXX, a clause that consists of a single symbol followed by a colon.
(2) A node in a portal that cannot contain any content, but can contain other nodes. Labels are used primarily to group nodes in the navigation tree.
(3) The explanatory text next to a control on the screen.
(4) In programming languages, a construction naming a statement and including an identifier.
(5) An instance of a label type object, supplying a user-defined name for a version. See also metadata, object.
(6) In DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL, a way of attaching text to columns, tables, and packages.
(7) An identification record for a tape or disk file.
(8) A string (no more than 20 characters long) that contains user-defined revision information. Labels are used for noting requirement, document, or project/archive version information.
(9) In Backup Recovery and Media Services, an external identifier for media. A label includes information about volume serial identifier, creation date, expiration date, location, and container identifier.

labeled duration
A number that represents a duration of years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds, or microseconds.

label type
A type object that defines a version label for use within a versioned object base (VOB).

LABP
See link access procedure-balanced.

LAC
(1) See L2TP access concentrator.
(2) See License Authorization Code.

LADN
See library-assigned document name.

LAK
See login acknowledgment message.

lame delegation
A misconfiguration of the Domain Name System (DNS) files. A lame delegation is the delegation of a domain to any name server that does not have authority for that domain.

LAN
See local area network.

LAN adapter
The circuit card within a communicating device that, together with its associated software, enables the device to be attached to a LAN.

LAN Adapter and Protocol Support (LAPS)
A subsystem that includes the software that manages and controls the network adapter cards, including the device drivers for those cards as well as the protocols that are used to communicate with other adapters on the network.

LAN cache
An area of temporary storage on a local resource manager that contains a copy of objects stored on a remote resource manager.

LAN Distributed Platform (LANDP)
An IBM product that supports branch office environments, especially in the banking and finance industries. These environments typically require support for industry devices, peer-to-peer connectivity within the branch office, and interoperability with enterprise systems based on products such as CICS and IMS, running on a variety of platforms. LANDP is intended for customers in retail banking, insurance and retail, implementing branch office systems based on workgroup LANs connected to host systems, usually with attachment of banking industry devices. (LANDP is a trademark of the IBM Corporation in the United States or other countries).

LANDP
See LAN Distributed Platform.

LAN emulation (LE)
The transparent use of an ATM network as an Ethernet-type LAN (IEEE 802.3) or a token-ring LAN (IEEE 802.5).

LAN emulation client (LEC)
The access point where devices on the emulated LAN use remote applications and data. A single LAN emulation client may serve as the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connection point for many devices or sessions. The LAN emulation client imitates the functions of the LAN protocol, either token-ring or Ethernet, over the ATM network. iSeries allows one LAN emulation client on each input/output adapter (IOA). LAN emulation client uses the following LAN emulation services to find another client's ATM address: LAN emulation configuration server, LAN emulation server, and LAN emulation broadcast and unknown server.

LAN emulation configuration server (LECS)
A server that provides configuration services to the clients. The LECS provides the clients with the ATM address of an appropriate LAN emulation server to become part of an emulated LAN. The LECS may also provide some measure of security within the emulated LAN by controlling which clients to recognize and configure.

LAN emulation server (LES)
A network server that provides asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) address resolution and control-related services to its clients. Each LAN emulation server is associated with one LAN emulation domain. The LAN emulation server recognizes the clients that are either connected to or defined in its domain. The LAN emulation server then translates LAN destinations to ATM addresses at the request of the clients. It also provides control services as part of maintaining the LAN environment.

LAN File Services/ESA
An IBM software product used to store and share workstation-format files on MVS/ESA and VM/ESA systems.

LAN-free data movement
The direct movement of client data between client machines and storage devices on a SAN. See also server-free data movement.

LAN Gateway
In the AnyNet product family, a function that enables workstations residing in separate LANs to communicate across SNA or IP WANs. The AnyNet LAN Gateway supports both IPX and NetBIOS protocols across WANs. Each LAN attaches to the WAN through a LAN Gateway.

language attribute
In the Application Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program, an indicator that further defines a part's type by specifying a high-level language or type of device file.

Language Environment for VSE/ESA
In CICS/VSE, a run-time library that establishes a common execution environment for a number of SAA programming languages. See also Systems Application Architecture.

language ID
See language identifier.

language identifier (language ID)
The 3-character representation that identifies the cultural preference for language-related processing and is associated with an object, such as a document. For example, the language identifier is used by text search services to determine how to process the text of a document.

language load ID
See language load identification.

language load identification (language load ID)
An IBM language feature code associated with a language. For example, French is 2928.

language model
For speech recognition, a set of acoustic shapes (in binary format) for a given set of words, in which word-to-word differences are maximized but speaker-to-speaker differences are minimized.

language profile
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a set of rules that define the programming language and environment for editing and compiling programs.

LANGUAGE segment
The portion of a RACF profile containing information about the national language in which the user receives messages.

language-sensitive editing
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a set of editing functions that are responsive to the programming language, syntax, and environment of source programs as they are being edited. Typical language-sensitive editing functions are automatic indenting, token highlighting, syntax checking, and language-sensitive help.

LAN Requester
A product that provides requester function to workstation users.

LAN Server
A product that provides server function to the LAN Requester.

LAN support program
A set of software device drivers used to provide PC applications with an interface to the LAN hardware. LAN device drivers must be loaded on every personal computer that is connected to the server through a local area network (token ring or Ethernet).

LAP
(1) See last agent pending.
(2) See link access procedure.

LAPD
(1) See link access procedure-D-channel.
(2) See link access protocol for the D-channel.

LAPS
See LAN Adapter and Protocol Support.

large message
A message that is stored in the large message cluster (LMC). The maximum length of a message to be stored in the VSAM QDS is 31900 bytes. Messages up to 2MB can be stored in the LMC. For queue management using DB2 no distinction is made between messages and large messages.

large object (LOB)
(1) A data type used by databases for large objects.
(2) A sequence of bytes with a size ranging from 0 bytes to 2 gigabytes less 1 byte. There are three types of large objects: binary large objects (binary), character large objects (single-byte character or mixed), and double-byte character large objects (double-byte character).

large queue element
A queue element that is larger than the smaller of either the limiting value specified during the customization of MERVA or 32KB.

large table space
A table space that can store only long string or large object (LOB) or index data.

last agent optimization
An optimization that cuts the number of two-phase commit flows to one agent in half by leaving the last agent out of the first phase of the commit process and giving the last agent the commit decision during the second phase. An initiator or last agent can use this optimization with only one of its subordinates, which is called the optimized last agent (or simply the last agent).

last agent pending (LAP)
The last agent pending logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that the current LUW is in doubt. This system has prepared to commit, but has not received the final vote from the last agent. The LAP state only occurs at the initiator and at a last agent.

last-in first-out (LIFO)
A queuing technique in which the next item to be retrieved is the item most recently placed on the queue. See also pushdown list, first-in-first-out.

last record indicator
In RPG, an indicator that signals when the last record (LR) is processed. This indicator can then be used to condition calculation and output operations that are to be done at the end of the program.

latch
(1) A DB2 Universal Database for z/OS and OS/390 internal mechanism for controlling concurrent events or the use of system resources.
(2) An electronic circuit that permanently records (until reset) the status of a signal.

latency
(1) The time that is needed for updates that are made to a source to replicate to a target.
(2) The time interval between the instant at which an instruction control unit initiates a call for data and the instant at which the actual transfer of the data starts.
(3) The amount of time between the time when a network device originally receives a packet and the time when the packet is retransmitted.

launch configuration
A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench configurations that can be launched separately. Configurable options include run and debug settings.

launchpad
A graphical interface for launching the product installation.

layer
(1) In a network architecture, a group of services, functions, and protocols that is complete from a conceptual point of view, that is one out of a set of hierarchically arranged groups, and that extends across all systems that conform to the network architecture. (T)
(2) In SNA, a grouping of related functions that are logically separate from the functions in other groups; the functions in one layer can be changed without affecting functions in the other layers.

layer entity (LE)
In OSI, an active element in a layer.

layer service
In OSI, a service provided by a layer of the OSI reference model.

Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
In the Internet suite of protocols, a protocol that permits the tunneling of the link layer of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).

layout box
In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to position text and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked or aligned using a grid.

layout manager
In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that controls the size and position of Java components within a container. The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout managers for AWT and Swing containers.

layout region
On a form or subform, a fixed-length design area in which related elements can be dragged and moved easily and can be displayed in ways not possible on regular forms and subforms.

lazy authentication
The process whereby the security run time obtains the required authentication data when the Java client accesses a protected enterprise bean for the first time.

lazy write
A function whereby the network server performs a write-to-disk operation rather than caching the data for this storage space. Using lazy write enhances system performance by allowing information to be updated multiple times before being written to disk.

LBR
See low bit rate.

LCID
See log control interval definition.

LC message
Last confirmed control message. It contains the message-sequence number of the application or acknowledgment message that was last confirmed; that is, for which the sending MERVA Link system most recently received confirmation of a successful delivery.

LDAP
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.

LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF)
A format used by the ldapmodify, ldapadd, and ldapsearch command-line utilities to represent LDAP entries in a standard portable text form.

ldapdelete
The LDAP delete-entry tool that provides a shell-accessible interface to the ldap_delete library call. ldapdelete opens a connection to an LDAP server and binds and deletes one or more entries. If one or more dn arguments are provided, entries with those Distinguished Names (DN) are deleted. Each DN should be a string-represented DN.

LDAP directory
A hierarchical directory of names that can reflect an organization's structure or geography and that is accessed via the LDAP protocol. Running LDAP on a Domino server enables the Domino Directory to serve as an LDAP directory.

LDAP Directory Interchange Format (LDIF)
A text file format that is used to transfer directory information among LDAP directory servers.

ldapmodify
An LDAP modify-entry and LDAP add-entry tool that provides is a shell-accessible interface to the ldap_modify and ldap_add library calls. ldapadd is implemented as a renamed version of ldapmodify. When invoked as ldapadd, the add new entry flag is turned on automatically.

ldapmodrdn
LDAP modify-entry RDN tool ldapmodrdn is a shell-accessible interface to the ldap_modrdn library call. ldapmodrdn opens a connection to an LDAP server and binds and modifies the RDN of entries.

ldapsearch
An LDAP search tool that provides a shell-accessible interface to the ldap_search library call. ldapsearch opens a connection to an LDAP server and binds and performs a search using the filter.

LDAP service
The LDAP server task that processes LDAP client requests.

LDC
See logical device component.

LDIF
(1) See LDAP Data Interchange Format.
(2) See LDAP Directory Interchange Format.

LDS
(1) See logical data stream.
(2) See linear data set.

LE
(1) See layer entity.
(2) See LAN emulation.

leader
The blank section of tape at the beginning of a reel.

leaf
An entry that has no children before it in the directory tree.

leaf page
A page that contains pairs of keys and record identifiers and that points to actual data. See also nonleaf page.

learning management system (LMS)
An application that is used to define and track the use of e-learning components such as students, classrooms, instructors, course outlines, course content, assessments, and so on. The Lotus Learning Management System is an example of such an application.

learning object
In Lotus Learning Management System, the electronic representation of media, text, image, sound, or other data, or an aggregation of such pieces of data into a cohesive unit of instruction, that can be delivered to a Web client. In the Lotus Learning Management System, course content is made up of learning objects.

LearningSpace - Virtual Classroom
A Web-based learning system for delivering live, instructor-led classroom instruction in a business environment. It provides tools for creating, scheduling, running, and attending live classes (sessions), and lets people who are not trained instructors easily build courses. After a course is developed in LearningSpace - Virtual Classroom, it is managed by administrators and delivered to students in their Web browsers.

lease
An agreement that grants permission to use a product or a program.

least-weight route
In APPN, the one route calculated by topology and routing services (TRS) to have the lowest total weight after TRS compares the node characteristics and TG characteristics of each intermediate node and intermediate TG of each possible route for the class-of-service requested, and computes the total combined weight for nodes and TGs in each route. After a least-weight route is calculated between two given nodes, the result may be stored to prevent repetition of this calculation in future route selections.

LEC
(1) See local exchange carrier.
(2) See LAN emulation client.

LECS
See LAN emulation configuration server.

left outer join
The result of a join operation that includes the matched rows of both tables that are being joined and that preserves the unmatched rows of the first table. See also full outer join, right outer join.

legacy application
An application that is already in existence and that needs to be incorporated or imported into a new environment. This definition is from the Localisation Industry Standards Association (LISA) Glossary.

legend
An explanatory list of the symbols, lines, and other components of a chart or graphic.

Lempel-Ziv (LZ)
A technique for compressing data. This technique replaces some character strings, which occur repeatedly within the data, with codes. The encoded character strings are then kept in a common dictionary, which is created as the data is being sent.

length attribute
A value associated with a string that represents the declared fixed length or maximum length of the string.

lenient distribution
The process of distributing software packages to endpoints, managed nodes, or profile managers that are not current subscribers to the profile manager to which the software packages belong.

LEN node
See low-entry networking node.

LEO
See low earth orbit.

LES
See LAN emulation server.

letterhead
A preset design that appears at the top of an e-mail message.

level checking
A function that compares the record level identifiers of a file to be opened with the file description that is part of a compiled program to determine if the record format for the file changed since the program was compiled.

level indicator
(1) In COBOL, two alphabetic characters (FD or SD) that identify the type of file description entry.
(2) In RPG, two characters (L0 through L9 and LR) that control calculation and output processing during total time.

level-number
In COBOL, a numeric character (1 through 9) or a 2-character set (01 through 49, 66, 77, 88) that begins a data description entry and establishes its level in a data hierarchy. Level-numbers 66, 77, and 88 identify special properties of a data description entry.

level of service
See service level agreement.

level-zero entry
In RPG, a calculation specifications entry that indicates the operations to be done during total time for each program cycle when no control break occurs.

LFSID
See local-form session identifier.

librarian
In CICS/VSE, the set of programs that maintains, services, and organizes the system and private libraries.

library
(1) A repository for demountable recorded media, such as magnetic disks and magnetic tapes.
(2) A collection of model elements, including business items, processes, tasks, resources, and organizations.
(3) A Notes database that contains lists of links to other databases. Unlike a catalog, which lists all the Notes databases on a server, a library contains links to selected databases from one or several servers.
(4) A partitioned data set or a series of concatenated partitioned data sets. See also partitioned data set extended.
(5) A system object that serves as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows the user to find objects by name.

library-assigned document name (LADN)
A unique name, which includes a time stamp and a system name, that is assigned by a system in the office network to a document when it is filed in the document library. On OS/400, the time-stamp part of the library-assigned document name is included in a 10-character name that becomes the document object name.

library client
The component of a Content Manager system that provides a low-level programming interface for the library system. The library client includes APIs that are part of the software developer's kit.

library control sector
The first sector in a library which contains a record of the used and available space in the library.

library descriptions file
A file that lists keywords, document classes, or both, or the access codes associated with different document libraries.

library list
In OS/400, a list that indicates which libraries are to be searched and the order in which they are to be searched. The system-recognized identifier is *LIBL.

library lookaside (LLA)
A facility in MVS/ESA that reduces library I/O activity by keeping selected directory entries in storage, instead of making repetitive searches of DASD.

library name
A user-defined word that names a library.

library name space
An attribute that can be set for the current thread. The library name space is the set of objects and libraries that can be accessed in any independent disk pools in a disk pool group plus the libraries in the system disk pool and basic user disk pools (ASPs 2-32) using the regular library-qualified object name syntax.

library object
See item. See also semantic type.

library routine
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a routine maintained in a program library.

library server
The component of a Content Manager system that stores, manages, and handles queries on items.

library user ASP
An auxiliary storage pool that contains libraries and folders. See also nonlibrary user ASP.

license
(1) A permission granted by competent authority to engage in a business or occupation or in an action otherwise unlawful.
(2) In license management, a license gives the user authorization to use a user-based priced product.

License Authorization Code (LAC)
Code that is needed to unlock a licensed program.

Licensed Internal Code
See Machine Code.

Licensed Internal Code fix
A temporary solution to, or bypass of, a defect in a current release of the Licensed Internal Code.

licensed program (LP)
A separately priced program and its associated materials that bear a copyright and are offered to customers under the terms and conditions of a licensing agreement.

licensed program offering (LPO)
A field-developed program that is not supported on the Licensed Program menu. LPOs have separate instructions for installation.

licensed program product (LPP)
See licensed program.

license server
A machine on a network that holds licenses and distributes them on request to other machines on the network.

license term
In OS/400 license management, an indicator of whether the authorized usage limit for a product lasts until the next version, next release, or next modification level of the product.

LICS
See Lotus international character set.

LID
See local identifier.

lifeline
In Unified Modeling Language (UML), a line in a sequence diagram that represents the existence of an object over a period of time. See also sequence diagram.

LIFO
See last-in first-out.

LIFO storage
Storage used by reentrant CICS management modules to save registers.

lightness
The characteristic that allows colors to be put in order from light to dark.

light path diagnostics
A technology that provides a lighted path to failed or failing components to expedite hardware repairs.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP LDAP)
An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet or intranet directory.

Lightweight Third Party Authentication ( LTPA LTPA)
(1) An authentication framework that allows single sign-on across a set of Web servers that fall within an Internet domain.
(2) A protocol that uses cryptography to support security in a distributed environment.

like
Pertaining to two or more similar or identical operating environments. For example, like distribution is distribution between two OS/400 database managers with compatible server attribute levels.

LIL
See loadable implementation library.

Lilian date
The first date on the Lilian calendar is equivalent to October 15, 1582, on the Gregorian calendar.

limited capability
In CICS, the use of certain CL commands can be restricted by setting a user's profile to limited capability.

limited meeting
A Sametime meeting that is limited to a certain number of participants by the system administrator. Differs from a restricted meeting. See also restricted meeting.

limits file
In RPG, a file that contains the upper and lower values of the record keys used to read from an indexed file.

limits record
In RPG, a record that contains the lowest record key and the highest record key of the records that are to be read (in the keyed file).

LINAGE-COUNTER
In COBOL, a special register whose value points to the current position within the page body.

line
(1) The physical path in data transmission.
(2) On a terminal, one or more characters entered before a return to the first printing or display position, or accepted by the system as a single block of output.

linear data set (LDS)
In an OS/390 environment, a VSAM data set that contains data but no control information. A linear data set can be accessed as a byte-addressable string in virtual storage.

linear logging
In WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, the process of keeping restart data in a sequence of files. New files are added to the sequence as necessary. The space in which the data is written is not reused. See also circular logging.

line chart
In the GDDM function, a chart in which the plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker) are joined by straight or curved lines.

line code violation
In Performance Tools, two successive electrical pulses of the same polarity, instead of alternating polarity, on the S/T interface.

line command
An abbreviation used to request a function for a specific line or lines from the command area to the left of the line or lines affected. For example, C for Copy or M for Move.

line configuration
The process of creating configuration descriptions for the lines that make up a data processing system.

line control character
See transmission control character.

line counter specifications
In RPG, a coding sheet on which the programmer indicates or overrides the system defaults for the form length and for the number of lines to print on a page. Line counter specifications can be used for each printer file in a program.

line data
Data prepared for printing on line printers. Line data can contain carriage-control characters and table-reference characters (TRC) for spacing and font selections.

line description
An object that contains information describing a particular communications line that is attached to the system. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *LIND.

line error
An error on the telephone line that causes the signal to be impaired.

line graph
In Performance Tools, a graph in which plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker) are joined by straight or curved lines.

line number
The number that precedes a line of information in a printout or on a display. This number can be up to 5 digits long, from 00001 through 99999.

line pool
In Point-to-Point Protocol, a list of lines that can be used in a connection profile.

line printer
A device that prints a line of characters as a unit. See also page printer, character printer.

line printer daemon (LPD)
The receiving portion, or server portion, of a file transfer that receives the spooled file that was sent and places the file on a local output queue. See also line printer requester.

line printer queue (LPQ)
In TCP/IP, a method to display the output queue of spooled files sent to a printer.

line printer removal (LPRM)
In TCP/IP, a method of removing spooled files from the queue of a printer.

line printer requester (LPR)
The sending portion, or client portion, of a spooled file transfer. The line printer requester allows a spooled file that was sent between remote systems to be sent to a printer queue. See also line printer daemon.

line set
In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a user-specified group of one or more lines used to establish network connections. When sending an outbound connection request, OSI Communications Subsystem selects a line from a line set. The line characteristics--such as line speed--of each line in a given line set should be similar.

lines per inch (lpi, LPI)
The number of characters that can be printed vertically within an inch.

line traffic
The number of transmissions and the amount of data sent and received on a communications line.

line transmission termination (LT)
In Performance Tools, the line transmission termination part of the reference model for the integrated services digital network (ISDN).

linguistic conversion
See best-fit conversion. A conversion where a partial mapping is done from the source code page to the target code page. The integrity of characters that are in both the target coded character set identifier (CCSID) and the source CCSID are preserved. Characters that are not in the target CCSID are mapped to the most culturally acceptable alternative for that character.

link
(1) In IDDU, to connect a database file on disk with a file definition in a data dictionary. See also unlink.
(2) A directional relationship between two items: the parent and the child. You can use a set of links to model one-to-many associations. See also reference.
(3) In hypertext, an author-defined association between two information nodes.
(4) In TCP/IP, a term for a communications line. A TCP/IP link may share the use of a communications line with SNA.
(5) A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A link passes information between activities and determines the order in which they are executed.
(6) An icon that provides direct access from one Notes document, view, or database (the source object) to any other document, view, or database (the target object). Notes opens the target object without closing the source object that was branched from.
(7) A connection that provides the physical transfer of data from one node to another.
(8) In a file system, a connection between a directory and an object. The link is established when the object is created.
(9) In SNA, the combination of the link connection (the transmission medium) and two link stations (one at each end of the link connection). A link connection can be shared among multiple links in a multipoint or token-ring configuration.
(10) The action that the DB2 Data Links Manager takes to control a file that is referenced in a table that contains a DATALINK column. A file can be linked as the result of such database actions as an SQL UPDATE, INSERT, IMPORT, or LOAD statement.

link access procedure (LAP)
A link level element used for data interchange between data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) and data terminal equipment (DTE) operating in user classes of service 8 to 11, as specified in CCITT Recommendation X.1. LAPB is a duplex, asynchronous, symmetric protocol, used in point-to-point communication. See also link access procedure-balanced.

link access procedure-balanced (LABP)
A procedure for gaining access to an X.25 network at the link level. LAPB uses a full-duplex, asynchronous, symmetric (balanced) protocol used in point-to-point communication. LAPB is the link access protocol recommended by the Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephone (CCITT). It takes the place of the earlier link access protocol (LAP). See also link access procedure.

link access procedure-D-channel (LAPD)
A procedure, recommended by the CCITT, for using an integrated services digital network (ISDN) on the data link level. LAPD is a duplex, asynchronous, symmetric procedure used to communicate control instructions, such as setting up and dropping a connection, to the control channel (D-channel) of ISDN.

link access protocol for the D-channel (LAPD)
An HDLC protocol used in ISDN that ensures a reliable connection between the network and the user. Often used synonymously with Q.921.

linkage editor
(1) A computer program for creating load modules from one or more object modules or load modules by resolving cross-references among the modules and, if necessary, adjusting addresses.
(2) In the C language, a program that resolves cross-references between separately compiled object modules and then assigns final storage addresses to create a single load module.

linkage options part
In EGL, a build part that gives details on how a generated program calls and is called by other programs. The part also gives details on how a generated COBOL program accesses files on remote CICS regions. The information in this part is used at generation time, test time, and run time.

linkage properties file
An EGL-generated or handwritten text file that can be used at J2EE run time to give details on how an EGL-generated Java program or wrapper calls other code.

Linkage Section
In COBOL, a section of the Data Division that describes data made available from another program.

linked file
In DB2 Data Links Manager, a file that is referenced in a table's DATALINK column that is defined with LINK CONTROL. To guarantee referential integrity, a linked file is maintained under the control of the DLFF component. See also Data Links File System Filter, file update operation.

link-edit
In DB2 Universal Database for z/OS and OS/390, the action of creating a loadable computer program by using a linkage editor.

link edit part
In EGL, a build part that describes how to form a load module from two or more programs. The information in this part is used at generation time and preparation time, but only when the target system is CICS for z/OS.

linked relationship type
In the Information Catalog Center, a relationship type that is used to connect two or more objects in an information catalog. Objects in a linked relationship are peers, rather than a parent-child relationship. For example, in the sample information catalog that is included with the Information Catalog Center, the object called CelDial Sales Information is linked with objects that describe CelDial advertisements for the year.

link end
See association end. See also association.

link level
(1) In SNA, the combination of the transmission connection, protocol, devices, and programming joining network nodes.
(2) A part of Recommendation X.25 that defines the link protocol used to get data into and out of the network across the duplex line connecting the subscriber's equipment to the network.

link level security
The security services that are invoked, directly or indirectly, by a message channel agent (MCA), the communications subsystem, or a combination of the two working together.

link name
A name defined in the deployment descriptor of the encompassing application.

link pack area (LPA)
A major element of MVS/ESA virtual storage below the 16MB line. The storage areas that make up the LPA contain all the common reentrant modules shared by the system. The LPA provides economy of real storage by sharing one copy of the modules, protection because LPA code cannot be overwritten even by key 0 programs, and reduced pathlength because the modules can be branched to. See the CICS Transaction Server Performance Guide for more information.

link pending
A state that indicates a datalink field contains one or more values that cannot be validated due to a system failure, communications failure, or other similar error. The file is still usable when it is in this state, but only for reading data.

Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA)
A series of procedures used by products to test modem or other data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) operations, and to provide information about the DCE and the data link. An extended version also provides operational and configuration commands. LPDA commands can be used only with DCEs that support LPDA.

Link Problem Determination Aid-1 (LPDA-1)
The first version of the LPDA command set. Although LPDA-1 and LPDA-2 provide several of the same functions, LPDA-1 is not compatible with LPDA-2.

Link Problem Determination Aid-2 (LPDA-2)
A second version of the LPDA command set. In addition to most of the functions of LPDA-1, LPDA-2 also supports modem configuration commands, a call out (dial) command, a set transmit speed command, and commands to operate a contact that controls external devices.

link protocol
The rules for sending and receiving data at the link level.

link protocol converter (LPC)
A device that changes one type of link-level protocol information to another type of link-level protocol information for processing; for example, 5208 Link Protocol Converter, 5209 Link Protocol Converter, or ROLMbridge 5250 Link Protocol Converter.

link security
A limit on one system's authorization to attach transactions and access resources in another. Link security works by signing on each end of a session (to RACF, in CICS Transaction Server) when the session is bound. Each half-session then has the access requirements of the single user profile defined for the remote system as a whole. This profile is applied when a transaction is attached and whenever the transaction accesses a protected resource. See also bind-time security.

link station role
In SNA, the role that a local node assumes for a given link. Possible roles are primary (or controlling), secondary, or negotiable.

Linux
An open source implementation of the UNIX system.

Linux for IBM eServer
The Linux distributions available from Linux distributors that run on IBM eServer systems. See: http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/linux/home.html?c=serversintro&n=Linux2001&t=ad

Linux for iSeries
A Linux distribution available from Linux distributors that runs on IBM eServer iSeries systems. See: http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/linux/home.html?c=serversintro&n=Linux2001&t=ad

Linux for pSeries
A Linux distribution available from Linux distributors that runs on IBM eServer pSeries systems. See: http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/linux/home.html?c=serversintro&n=Linux2001&t=ad

Linux for S/390
The Linux distributions that run on IBM's zSeries and S/390 processors in 32-bit mode. 32 bit Linux, 2.2 or 2.4 kernel, running on MP3000, G5, G6 and zSeries. See also Linux on zSeries.

Linux for xSeries
A Linux distribution available from Linux distributors that runs on IBM eServer xSeries systems. See: http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/linux/home.html?c=serversintro&n=Linux2001&t=ad

Linux for zSeries
The Linux distributions available from Linux distributors that run on IBM's zSeries processors in 64-bit mode. 64 bit Linux, 2.4 kernel, running on zSeries only. See: http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/linux/home.html?c=serversintro&n=Linux2001&t=ad See also Linux on zSeries, Linux for S/390.

Linux on IBM eServer
The operating environment of running the Linux operating system and applications on IBM eServer systems.

Linux on iSeries
The operating environment of running the Linux operating system and applications on iSeries systems

Linux on pSeries
The operating environment of running the Linux operating system and applications on pSeries systems. See: http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/linux/home.html?c=serversintro&n=Linux2001&t=ad

Linux on xSeries
The operating environment of running the Linux operating system and applications on xSeries systems

Linux on zSeries
The operating environment of running the Linux operating system and applications on S/390 and zSeries processors. Refers to any Linux running on zSeries processors (2.2/2.4 kernel, 32 bit or 64 bit).

liquidity saving payment
A payment that has been assigned to the RTGS-Liquidity Savings (RTGS-L) channel.

list
(1) In Backup Recovery and Media Services, an entry in a control group that contains like items such as libraries, folders, or objects.
(2) A type of object, which DB2 utilities can process, that identifies multiple table spaces, multiple index spaces, or both. A list is defined with the LISTDEF utility control statement.

list box
A control that contains a list of objects or settings choices that a user can select from.

LISTCAT
A VSAM tool that provides information that interprets the actual situation of VSAM data sets.

list edit mode
In AFP Utilities, the mode that allows a user to view and change overlay elements from a list.

listener
A program that detects incoming requests and starts the associated channel.

listener port
An object that defines the association between a connection factory, a destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the administration of the associations between these resources.

list entry handle
A value that uniquely distinguishes an entry in a user interface manager (UIM) list until it is removed from the list. A list entry handle is meaningful only for a particular application, list, and entry combination.

list ID
A two-part name by which a distribution list is known. The two-part name allows distributions to be sent to both local and remote systems.

list ID qualifier
The second part of a two-part name by which a distribution list is known.

list-of-groups checking
A RACF option that allows a user to access all resources available to all groups of which the user is a member, regardless of the user's current connect group. For any particular resource, RACF allows access based on the highest access authority among the groups of which the user is a member.

list prefetch
An access method that takes advantage of prefetching even in queries that do not access data sequentially. A list prefetch is done by scanning the index and collecting record identifiers before any data pages are accessed. These record identifiers are then sorted, and data is prefetched using this list. See also readahead prefetching.

list price
A price that is part of the catalog entry. Because a catalog may be produced by a manufacturer, who supplies a list price as part of the description of each entry, the list price is not necessarily the price at which an entry is sold. See also offer price.

list structure
In a z/OS or OS/390 environment, a coupling facility structure that lets data be shared and manipulated as elements of a queue.

list-type attribute
A set of descriptive values (for example, Status, which may contain the list values Proposed, Approved, In progress, and Complete). See also attribute type, attribute value, entry-type attribute.

list view
In AFP Utilities, the presentation of a display shown while a user is in list edit mode.

literal
In RPG, a character string whose value is defined by the characters themselves. For example, the numeric constant 7 has the value 7, and the character constant 'CHARACTERS' has the value CHARACTERS.

literal pattern
In REXX, a string delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks that is used in a parsing template to specify how a sequence of characters is split.

literal string
In REXX, a sequence including any characters that are delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks.

Literal XML
An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML is based on an XML schema instance.

little endian
(1) An attribute of data representation that reflects how multi-octet data is stored in memory. In little endian representation, the lowest addressed octet of a multi-octet data item is the least significant. See also big endian.
(2) A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the least significant bit (or byte) is placed first.

live session
In Lotus Learning Management System, a scheduled, live, online Learning Space -- Virtual Classroom class in which all participants of that session log in at the same time.

LLA
See library lookaside.

LLC
See Logical Link Control.

LLC protocol
See Logical Link Control protocol.

L-lock
See logical lock.

LMBCS
See Lotus multibyte character set.

LMDS
See Local Multipoint Distribution Service.

LMI
See local management interface.

LMS
See learning management system.

LMS server
The primary server that is in the Lotus Learning Management System and that manages core operations for the application. See also content delivery server.

LN:DO
See Lotus Notes:Data Object.

LNK
See login negative acknowledgment message.

LNP
See local number portability.

LNS
See L2TP network server.

load
(1) In System Manager, the smallest logical collection of objects that can make an application option. Code and language are the two types of loads. The object type is *PRDLOD.
(2) To copy a version of an element to a snapshot view and keep track of the checkins, updates, and other ClearCase operations that affect the element.
(3) To move data or programs into storage.

loadable implementation library (LIL)
The implementation module for a node or parser written in C. This is implemented in the same way as a dynamic link library, but has a file extension of .lil rather than .dll.

load authority
An access level that gives LOAD utility or AutoLoader utility privileges to load data into tables. See also authority level.

load balancing
The monitoring of application servers and management of the workload on servers. If one server exceeds its workload, requests are forwarded to another server with more capacity.

load copy
A backup image of data that was loaded at a previous time and can be restored during roll-forward recovery.

loaded
Pertaining to a status where the optical image associated with the selected image catalog entry is active or loaded in the selected virtual optical device. The installation software will be able to access this image during the installation process.

loader
A program that reads run files into main storage so that the files can be run.

loader domain
Major component of CICS used by the domains of the CICS system to obtain access to storage-resident copies of nucleus and application programs, maps, and tables. In order to provide this, the loader domain interfaces with MVS to perform loading of programs into CICS-managed storage (DSA/EDSA) and scanning of the MVS link pack area.

load font equivalence
The mapping of a descriptive font name to a font member name in a font library.

load identifier
In System Manager, the identification number assigned to a load.

load library
A library containing load modules.

load module
A program in a form suitable for loading into main storage for execution. A load module is the output of the linkage editor.

load object
In System Manager, an object that contains the control information about a load or option.

load phase
In Q replication, the stage where a target table is loaded with data from a source table so that the two tables are synchronized. The load phase can be automatic or manual.

load rule
A statement in the config spec that specifies an element or subtree to load into a snapshot view. Config specs can have more than one load rule.

load-source disk unit
The disk unit that contains the Licensed Internal Code for the system. This unit is always identified as unit number 1 in the disk configuration displays.

load utility
A nontransactional utility that performs block updates of table data.

LOB
See large object.

lobe
In a star or ring network configuration, two pairs of conductors that provide separate send and receive paths between a wiring concentrator and a network port, such as an electrical outlet.

LOB locator (locator)
A mechanism that allows an application program to manipulate a large object (LOB) value in the database system. An LOB locator is a simple token value that represents a single LOB value. An application program retrieves an LOB locator into a host variable and can then apply SQL functions to the associated LOB value using the locator.

LOB lock
A lock on an LOB value.

LOB table space
A table space that contains all the data for a particular LOB column in the related base table.

local
(1) In OSI, pertaining to the node from which one views the rest of the network.
(2) Pertaining to a device, file, or system that is accessed directly from a user's system, without the use of a communication line. See also remote.

local address
In SNA, an address used in a peripheral node in place of a network address and transformed to or from a network address by the boundary function in a subarea node.

local administrator
The second level of user type authority in User Profile Management. A local administrator does not have the same User Profile Management authority as an administrator user type.

local agent
In OSI, an agent process on the local node. See also remote agent.

local application entity
In OSI, an application entity on the local node.

local application process
In OSI, an application process on the local node. See also remote application process.

local area network (LAN)
A network that connects several devices into a limited area (such as a single building or campus) and that can be connected to a larger network.

local authentication
The process of validating a user's identity to the system according to the local operating system account to which the user logged in. If the user is authenticated, the user is mapped to a principal. See also remote authentication.

local bus adapter
The bus adapter card in the system unit. The local optical link cards plug into the bus adapter card.

local catalog
A system data set that CICS uses to record data used by the internal workings of CICS. See also global catalog.

local catalog domain
Together with the global catalog domain, a repository used by other CICS domains to hold information to allow an orderly restart. The two catalog domains enable CICS code to read, write, and purge records on the local and global catalog data sets so that a record of the CICS state can be maintained when CICS is not running.

local catchup state
The state that a high availability disaster recovery (HADR) standby database enters when it has been started and then attempts to read logs that reside locally in its log path or by way of a user exit program. After they are read, the logs are replayed on the standby database.

local CMAS
The CICSPlex SM address space (CMAS) that a user identifies as the current context when performing CMAS configuration tasks.

local console
In the iSeries Operations Console, the personal computer that has direct communications with an iSeries server. The local console uses either a dial-up connection or a direct cable. It controls remote access to the iSeries server and grants control of the iSeries server to remote consoles. See also remote console, remote console.

local controller
A functional unit within the system that controls the operation of one or more directly attached input/output devices or communications lines. See also remote controller.

local data area
A 1024-byte data area that can be used to pass information between programs in a job. A separate local data area is automatically created for each job.

local database
A database that is located on the workstation in use. See also remote database.

local database directory
A directory where a database physically resides. Databases that are displayed in the local database directory are located on the same node as the system database directory. See also system database directory.

local definition
In WebSphere MQ, an MQM object that belongs to a local queue manager.

local definition of a remote queue
A WebSphere MQ object belonging to a local queue manager that defines the attributes of a queue that is owned by another queue manager. In addition, it is used for queue-manager aliasing and reply-to-queue aliasing.

local device
A device physically attached to the local workstation; that is, the drives in the workstation and any machinery connected to its parts. See also remote device.

local DL/I
DL/I residing in the CICS address space.

local domain name
The primary TCP/IP name associated with the local system. A system can have more than one system name, but only one local domain name. The local domain name consists of two parts, the domain and the host.

locale
(1) In DB2 Universal Database for z/OS and OS/390, the definition of a subset of a user's environment that combines characters that are defined for a specific language and country or region, and a CCSID.
(2) The part of a user's environment that brings together information about how to handle data that is specific to the end user's particular country, language, or territory. The locale is typically specified when configuring the operating system or internationalized software products.
(3) An object that can determine how data is processed, printed, and displayed. Locales are made up of categories that define language, cultural data, and character sets.
(4) A computer setting that defines the user's environment--the conventions for a specific language and culture, including appropriate date and time formatting, character classification, sorting, and text handling. Locales are collections of processing variables used to specify how a process will execute. See also national language support.
(5) On UNIX systems, a subset of a user's environment that defines conventions for a specific culture (such as time, numeric, or monetary formatting and character classification, collation, or conversion). The queue manager CCSID is derived from the locale of the user ID that created the queue manager.
(6) A collection of processing variables that are used to specify how a process runs. Computer locales include the conventions for a specific language and culture, with appropriate date and time formatting, character classification, sorting, and text handling.

local-end code violation
In Performance Tools, an unintended line code violation detected and counted by the terminal equipment (TE) for frames received at the interface for the S/T reference point of the integrated services digital network (ISDN).

local environment
A structure within the message tree that contains broker and, optionally, user information that is associated with a message while it is being processed by a message flow. In previous releases, the local environment structure was known as the Destination List.

local error log
A generic term that refers to the logs to which WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker writes records on the local system. On UNIX systems, this is the syslog. On Windows systems, this is the Event Viewer (Application View). On z/OS systems, this is the operator console. Entries written to this log include records that provide information about events that are not errors, but that occur normally during operation, for example, successful deployment of a configuration.

local exchange carrier (LEC)
An authorized carrier that has been commissioned to provide local voice-level telecommunications services within a predetermined area.

local-form session identifier (LFSID)
In SNA, a dynamically assigned value used at a type 2.1 node to identify traffic for a particular session using a given transmission group. The LFSID is encoded in the ODAI, OAF', and DAF' fields of the transmission headers that accompany session messages exchanged over the transmission group.

local history
Copies of files that are saved in the workbench in order to compare the current version with previous versions. Subject to configurable preferences, the workbench updates the local history each time an editable file is saved.

local home interface
In EJB, an interface that specifies the methods used by local clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also remote home interface.

local identifier (LID)
In distributed relational database, an identifier or short label that is mapped by the environmental descriptors to a named resource.

locality of reference
The consistent reference, during the execution of an application program, to instructions and data within a relatively small number of pages (See also with the total number of pages in a program) for relatively long periods of time.

localization (L10N)
(1) In software engineering, the process of adapting an internationalized product for a specific language, script, culture, and coded character set. In localization, semantics are preserved, but syntax may change.
(2) The process of modifying products or services to account for differences in distinct markets. This definition is from the Localisation Industry Standards Association (LISA) Glossary.
(3) The process of modifying or adapting a software product to fit the requirements of a particular locale. This process includes (but is not limited to) translating the user interface, preparing documentation and packaging, changing dialog geometries, customizing features, and testing the translated product to ensure that it still works.

localized
In national language support, pertaining to the support based on a user's national language, country or region, culture, and character encoding. See also national language support, national language version.

local location address
In SNA, the address of the logical unit.

local location name
The name by which your system is known to other systems in an SNA network. Equivalent to an SNA local logical unit name. See also remote location name.

local lock
A lock that provides intra-DB2 concurrency control, but not inter-DB2 concurrency control; its scope is a singleDB2 Universal Database for z/OS and OS/390 subsystem.

locally defined object
On z/OS, an object whose definition is stored on page set zero. The definition can be accessed only by the queue manager that defined it. See also globally defined object.

local management interface (LMI)
The interface between the frame-relay data terminal equipment (DTE) and the frame handler, which provides the status and configuration information about the permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) available at the frame relay network.

local manager
In OSI, a managing process on the local node. See also remote manager.

local mode
A mode that is used by the CICS TG local protocol. See also remote mode.

Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)
A system for broadband microwave wireless transmission direct from a local antenna to homes and businesses within a line-of-sight radius; a solution to the so-called last-mile technology problem of economically bringing high-bandwidth services to users. LMDS is an alternative to installing optical fiber all the way to the user or to adapting cable TV for broadband Internet service.

local network address
In OSI, a network address that identifies the local node.

local network entity title
In OSI, the network entity title of the local node.

local node
In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, the node from which one views the rest of the OSI network--the node for which resources are defined. See also remote node.

local NSAP
In OSI, an NSAP at the local node.

local NSAP address
In OSI, an NSAP address of the local node.

local number portability (LNP)
Subscribers' ability to switch local or wireless carriers and still retain the same phone number, as is possible now with long-distance carriers.

local optical link card
A smaller card that plugs into the bus adapter in the system unit. The optical bus cables from an expansion unit plug into this card.

local OSI network configuration
In OSI, a general term for the local node and the lines, line sets, and the subnetworks to which it is attached.

local presentation address